Effect of Induced Mutation for Varietal Improvement of Grapes: Varietal Improvement by Mutagenesis

In vitro propagation of vitis is applied to increase plant material for cultivation. Cultures were maintained in vitro on MS medium supplemented with various growth regulators such as 2,4-D, BAP, NAA, TDZ and Kin. Comparatively all the hormones alone or in combinations were tried on grape varieties to examine their effects on initiation, as well as on multiplication. The 100% explant sterilization was achieved when free leaf explants of V1 and V2 exposed to 5% sodium hypochlorite for the duration of 5 minute. For V3 the same combination of treatment was found to be effective with 90 % survival of explants. It was observed during the present study that the nodal explants of all the three grape varieties gave 100% contamination free survival when they were treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes. Best Shoot induction was observed in MS 1 medium i.e BAP 1mg/l. While maximum rooting was observed in NAA 1mg/l. The highest callus induction by leaf explants was 95% with V2 on 2.4-D 3mg/l followed by nodal segments on BA 1mg/l + NAA 0.5mg/l. Callogenesis from nodal explants regenerated in roots. By physical mutagenesis it was noted that doses up to 5 Gy helped to increase callus